An Indian spacecraft was the first to land near the moon’s rocky and cratered south pole, making the country the fourth country in the world to successfully land on the moon.
The landing of the spacecraft called Chandrayaan-3 is a great achievement for the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The country had previously attempted to land on the moon in 2019, but the Chandrayaan-2 mission had failed. ISRO said on Twitter it communicated with its crew and posted photos of the field sent to the module’s rover to go to the moon. lunar surface.
This landing “give us the confidence to refer to the Moon, Mars, Venus and even asteroids” ISRO chair S. Somanath said at a press conference:
The Moon’s South Pole is a difficult-to-ground region of interest to many countries because it may contain ice and large craters nearby that may provide clues about the composition of early sunlight. More missions will be made to the moon in the coming years, and on August 19, a Russian spacecraft called Luna 25 landed on the moon just days before a planned attempt to land on the moon’s south pole. Since the turn of this century, only China’s Chang’e mission has successfully landed on the moon and operated on the ground. The only countries that have successfully set foot on the moon are the United States and the Soviet Union.
Chandrayaan-3 follows India’s partially successful 2019 mission, in which it launched an orbiter with eight operational instruments. However, the lander carrying the rover crashed onto the lunar surface in the final moments of landing.
ISRO learned from the failure and made some changes to the mission landing craft.
Rough Terrain
Landing at the Moon’s south pole is difficult because it requires launching the spacecraft at a different angle than that used on previous landings, and the terrain in the area is rough.
Norman said the spacecraft should enter a polar orbit past the moon’s poles, at right angles to the moon’s orbit. “This requires more power to move the aircraft into a ‘negative’ orbit, which creates significant uncertainty in the aircraft’s speed and position.”
Norman said that there is no information about gravity and surface features in the area. More information. It complicates the matter even more. “For example, the mission will be affected if the plane flies into a crater, a slope, or if the passenger’s legs hang from the rocks.”
